Table 1 Detailed description of primers and probes used in this study

Ixodes spp.

ITS2

IXO-I2-F4

TCTCGTGGCGTTGATTTGC

[17]

Ixodes spp.

IXO-I2-R4

CTGACGGAAGGCTACGACG

I. persulcatus

Ipe-I2-P4

[FAM]-TGCGTGGAAAGAAAACGAG-[BHQ1]

I. ricinus

Iri-I2-P4

[Hex]-TGCTCGAAGGAGAGAACGA-[BHQ1]

PCR-based sequencing for tick species barcoding

ITS2

dITS29

CCTTCCCGTGGCTTCGTCTGT

[18]

rITS800

GGGGGTTGTCTCGCCTGATGT

R. sanguineus sensu lato

COX1

S0725

TACTCTACTAATCATAAAGACATTGG

[19, 20]

S0726

CCTCCTCCTGAAGGGTCAAAAAATGA

B. burgdorferi s.l.

ospA

Bbsl-ospA-F

AATATTTATTGGGAATAGGTCTAA

[53]

Bbsl-ospA-R

CACCAGGCAAATCTACTGA

Bbsl-ospA-P

[FAM]-TTAATAGCATGTAAGCAAAATGTTAGCA-[DDQ1]

B. miyamotoi

flaB

Bm-fla-F

AGAAGGTGCTCAAGCAG

[54]

Bm-fla-R

TCGATCTTTGAAAGTGACATAT

Bm-fla-P

[FAM]-AGCACAACAGGAGGGAGTTCAAGC-[BHQ1]

Anaplasma spp.

Msp2

ApMSP2-F

ATGGAAGGTAGTGTTGGTTATGGTATT

[55]

ApMSP2-R

TTGGTCTTGAAGCGCTCGTA

ApMSP-P

[CY5]-TGGTGCCAGGGTTGAGCTTGAGATTG-[BBQ650]

Babesia spp.

18S rRNA

Bab18S-F

CAGCTTGACGGTAGGGTATTGG

[56]

Bab18S-R

TCGAACCCTAATTCCCCGTTA

Bab18S-P

[HEX]-CGAGGCAGCAACGG-[BHQ1]

Ca. Neoehrlichia mikurensis

GroEL

CNeGroEL-F

CCTTGAAAATATAGCAAGATCAGGTAG

[57]

CNeGroEL-R

CCACCACGTAACTTATTTAGCACTAAAG

CNeGroEL-P

[FAM]-CCTCTACTAATTATTGCWGAAGATGTAGAAGGTGAAGC-[BHQ1]

E. canis

16S rRNA

Ec.139f

CAAATAGTACAAGACGGTAAAGTGCA

[58]

Ec.32r

AATAGAAGTCTATGTACTTATTTGGA

Ec.61p

[FAM]-TAGTGCTGCTTGGGCAACTTTGAGTGAA-[BHQ1]

TBEV

3′-NCR

F-TBE 1

GGGCGGTTCTTGTTCTCC

[21]

R-TBE 1

ACACATCACCTCCTTGTCAGACT

TBE-Probe-WT

TGAGCCACCATCACCCAGACACA

A. phagocytophilum

16S rRNA

QAP16sf1

TGCCACGGTGAATACGTTCTC

[22]

QAP16sr1

GCGCACCAGCTTCGAGTT

QAP16sr probe

[FAM]-TACACACTGCCCGTCACGCCATG-[BHQ1]

Babesia spp. identification

18S

BabNu2-F

GACACAGGGAGGTAGTGACAAG

[23]

BabNu2-R

CTAAGAATTTCACCTCTGACAGT