Table 2 Chemotherapeutic trials to treat cerebral and non-cerebral coenurosis in sheep and goats

Lambs 5 months old

Cerebral

Exp (2400 eggs)

2

36 days

MBZ (IP)

40 (S)

0.0

Degenerative changes in coenuri, 78 days PT

MBZ is ineffective to treat cerebral coenurosis

[14]

3

MBZ

100 (14 days)

0.0

Lambs 4–5 months old

Cerebral

Exp (6500 eggs)

5

CL

ALB

25 (6 days)

100

Degenerate/dead coenuri, after recovery

2/5 and 1/5 of FEN and PRZ-treated groups died before necropsy. Likewise, 5/5 of control group died before necropsy. Caseated and calcified cysts were noticed in the treated groups, but most commonly in those treated with ALB or FEN-PRZ comb. Authors claimed albendazole was the most effective

[17]

5

FEN

25 (8 days)

71.4

5

PRZ

100 (7 days)

85.3

5

FEN-PRZ Comb

****

100

5

Control

–

0.0

Lambs 3–4 months old

Cerebral

Exp (5500 eggs)

7

CL

PRZ

25 (3 days)

100

Degenerated/dead coenuri, after recovery

5/7 lambs from PRZ group and 4 of ALB group died before necropsy. Dogs fed protoscolices from treated groups were not infected

[20]

7

ALB

10 (14 days)

54.8

7

Control

–

2.8

Sheep

Cerebral

Nat

2

CL

PRZ

7.5 (6 days)

NS

Clearance of neurological symptoms

One PRZ-treated animal survived, and general conditions of the remaining animals worsened. No improvement occurred in OXF-treated sheep

[24]

6

PRZ

50 (2 days)

NS

2

OXF

30 (S)

0.0

Sheep

Cerebral

Nat

NS

–

PRZ

100

NS

Degenerated cysts, transmission to dogs

Calcified coenuri in brains of treated sheep. Coenuri in untreated sheep were alive. Dogs fed on brains of treated sheep did not have tapeworms

[26]

Sheep

Cerebral

Exp (50,000 eggs)

1

15 days

PRZ

100 (5 days)

21-day PT

Clinical signs of acute coenurosis appeared 17-day PI. No improvement occurred when treated. Numerous migratory tracts were evidenced in the brain. No live coenuri were detected

[28]

Exp (n = 11; 5000 eggs), Nat (n = 2)

2

2–11 months

PRZ

100 (5 days)

0.0

Recovery (clearance of neurological symptoms), dead coenuri, transmission to dogs, 1–> 3 months PT

Clinical symptoms disappeared. No coenuri were recovered from the brains

2

PRZ

100 (2 days)

100

4

PRZ

100 (S)

100

1

PRZ

50 (5)

100

4

PRZ

50 (S)

50.0

Variable response to treatment. Clinical improvement occurred in 2 sheep and dead coenuri were detected in their brains. One sheep responded but the clinical symptoms reappeared 3 months later One sheep did not respond and mature coenuri were detected in the brain

Sheep

Cerebral

Exp (5500 eggs)

2

CL

PRZ

100 (5 days)

100

Non-viable/degenerated coenuri, 30-day PT

All treatments were effective. Dogs that fed on the coenuri collected after killing the included sheep, did not develop adult worms. PRZ is highly effective

[29]

2

100 (2 days)

1

50 (5 days)

Goats

Non-cerebral

Exp (3000 eggs)

7

2 months PI

ALB

10 (3 days)

90.3

Non-viable/viable coenuri, 10 days PT

Significant variation in occurrence of non-viable coenuri when goats received albendazole 2 months post infection

[32]

6

2 months PI

ALB

10 (S)

72.7

6

2 months PI

ALB

20 (S)

73.9

12

2 months PI

Control

–

13.6

5

5 months PI

ALB

10 (3)

88.6

5

5 months PI

Control

–

84.6

Goats

Non-cerebral

Nat

12

–

FEN

7.5

NS

–

FEN is effective in treating non-cerebral coenuri in goats

[33]

Sheep

Cerebral

Nat

20

–

FEN-PRZ Comb

10 + 3 (5 days)

84.0

Recovery (clearance of neurological symptoms)

Neurologically-diseased. No confirmed diagnosis, based on the history and clinical signs

[48]

Sheep

Cerebral

Nat

NS

–

PRZ

50–100 (3 days)

NS

Occurrence of neurological symptoms

Apparently healthy sheep from flocks with endemic coenurosis. No cases have been reported for 6 months PT

[49]

Sheep

Cerebral

Nat

61

–

PRZ

80–100

NS

Recovery (clearance of neurological symptoms)

56 sheep received treatment. Recovery occurred in 43 (70.5%), and 13 died. Intramuscular administration gave better results than the oral route

[50]

PRZ (IM)

40–50

NS

Lambs

Cerebral

Nat

3

CL

ALB

25 (2 doses 2 weeks apart)

0.0

Clearance of neurological symptoms

The treated lambs (n = 3) died despite this treatment. No

new cases of the disease were observed after the initiation of control

measures

[51]

Lambs

Cerebral

Exp

5

NS

FEN

0.75 –1 g

NS

Occurrence of neurological symptoms

No clinical signs appeared in any treated animal. Acute signs of the disease occurred in the controls. No coenuri were detected in brains of the treated lambs. FEN was administered prophylactically to lambs in a flock with a history of coenurosis, and symptoms of the disease did not recur

[52]

5

PRZ

25 (6 doses 20-day interval)