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Table 1 Demographic characteristics of study participants

From: Prevalence and drivers of malaria infection among asymptomatic and symptomatic community members in five regions with varying transmission intensity in mainland Tanzania

Variable

Total

Ludewa

Buhigwe

Muheza

Kyerwa

Nyasa

P-value

Number of households

8881

390

998

945

4155

2393

 

Number of individualsa

40,116

1604

5763

5310

17,519

9920

 

Enrolled, N

10,228

611

1453

1255

4454

2455

 

Sex, n (%)

 Female

6163 (60.3)

362 (59.2)

914 (62.9)

720 (57.4)

2641 (59.3)

1526 (62.2)

0.006

 Male

4065 (39.7)

249 (40.8)

539 (37.1)

535 (42.6)

1813 (40.7)

929 (37.8)

 

Age in years, median (IQR)

14.1 (7.2–38.1)

14.1 (7.1–43.1)

11.9 (6.5–26.1)

14.2 (8.3–39.2)

14.2 (6.7–36.0)

17.6 (8.6–45.1)

< 0.001

Age group, n (%)

 < 5 years

1692 (16.5)

96 (15.7)

261 (18.0)

162 (12.9)

835 (18.8)

338 (13.8)

< 0.001

 5–9 years

1849 (18.1)

120 (19.6)

325 (22.4)

239 (19.1)

772 (17.3)

393 (16.0)

 

 10–14 years

1789 (17.5)

99 (16.2)

347 (23.9)

251 (20.0)

700 (15.7)

392 (16.0)

 

 ≥ 15 years

4897 (47.9)

296 (48.5)

521 (35.8)

601 (48.0)

2147 (48.2)

1332 (54.3)

 

Education, n (%)

7186

476

995

688

3249

1778

 

 None

865 (12.0)

14 (2.9)

92 (9.2)

43 (6.3)

630 (19.4)

86 (4.8)

< 0.001

 Incomplete primary

748 (10.4)

43 (9.0)

72 (7.2)

64 (9.3)

375 (11.5)

194 (10.9)

 

 Primary

2451 (34.1)

202 (42.4)

266 (26.7)

264 (38.4)

940 (28.9)

779 (43.8)

 

 Secondary or above

221 (3.1)

21 (4.4)

10 (1.0)

28 (4.1)

75 (2.3)

87 (4.9)

 

 Studying

2901 (40.4)

196 (41.2)

555 (55.8)

289 (42)

1229 (37.8)

632 (35.5)

 

Occupation, n (%)

6452

555

374

100

3944

1479

 

Farmer

2568 (39.8)

233 (41.9)

60 (16.0)

6 (6.1)

1636 (41.5)

632 (42.7)

< 0.001

 Student

1855 (28.8)

155 (28.0)

137 (36.6)

32 (32.7)

1061 (26.9)

469 (31.7)

 

 Child

1846 (28.6)

147 (26.5)

160 (42.8)

52 (53.1)

1183 (30.0)

305 (20.6)

 

 Others

183 (2.8)

20 (3.6)

17 (4.6)

8 (8.2.0)

64 (1.6)

73 (4.9)

 

Ownership of bednet, n (%)

 Yes

7939 (77.6)

555 (90.8)

1101 (75.8)

1154 (92.0)

2867 (64.4)

2262 (92.0)

< 0.001

 No

2289 (22.4)

56 (9.2)

352 (24.2)

101 (8.0)

1587 (35.6)

193 (8.0)

 

Slept under bednet last night, n (%)

 Yes

7899 (77.2)

555 (90.8)

1094 (75.3)

1145 (91.2)

2849 (64.0)

2256 (91.9)

< 0.001

 No

2329 (22.8)

56 (9.2)

359 (24.7)

110 (8.8)

1605 (36.0)

199 (8.1)

 

History of feverb, n (%)

 Yes

2102 (20.6)

72 (11.8)

338 (23.3)

246 (19.6)

1342 (30.1)

104 (4.2)

< 0.001

 No

8126 (79.4)

539 (88.2)

1115 (76.7)

1009 (80.4)

3112 (69.9)

2351 (95.8)

 

Measured feverc, n (%)

 Yes

238 (2.3)

5 (0.8)

25 (1.7)

21 (1.7)

136 (3.0)

51 (2.1)

< 0.001

 No

9990 (97.7)

606 (99.2)

1428 (98.3)

1234 (98.3)

4318 (97.0)

2404 (97.9)

 

 BW (kg), median (IQR)

36 (19–51)

36 (18–54)

28 (17–46)

38 (22–53)

36 (18–52)

43 (23–53)

< 0.001

 Height (cm), median (IQR)

145 (115–157)

142 (113–156)

134 (108–152)

148 (125–159)

145 (110–158)

146 (121–156)

< 0.001

 Temp (°C), mean (SD)

36.1 (0.8)

35.6 (0.9)

36.1 (0.7)

36.4 (0.4)

36.1 (0.9)

36.1 (0.8)

< 0.001

  1. N population size, n number of participants, BW body weight, IQR interquartile range, Temp temperature, SD standard deviation
  2. aTotal population in the study communities
  3. bHistory of fever in the past 2 days
  4. cFever measured at presentation and denoted as axillary temperature ≥ 37.5 °C
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