Fig. 3

A Effect of ebony mutation on female fecundity. The number of eggs per female is shown on the y-axis for the ebony and LVP groups. The fecundity of the two lines differs significantly (P = 0.0232). B Sex ratio of males produced from the ebony and the LVP groups. The ebony line had a significantly lower male proportion (P = 0.01115). C, D Effect of ebony mutation on pupal and adult recovery. No significant difference in pupal (P = 0.1236) or adult (P = 0.9332) recovery was detected. In all the cases, the boxplots span the interquartile range, and the whiskers indicate the highest and lowest observations. The red line and the red dot inside each box represent the median and the mean, respectively. The black dots represent the three different replicates. Significant differences between treatment groups are indicated with asterisks (***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p 0.05, ns: p > 0.05; confidence level used: 0.95, alpha = 0.05)