Climate-driven variation in the phenology of juvenile Ixodes pacificus on lizard hosts

Parasites & Vectors

Table 1 Juvenile phenology metrics for three climate regions of California collected from 2013 to 2022

Climate regions	Abundance^a		Overlap metrics^b		Julian day of peak abundances^c
Climate regions	Larvae	Nymphs	KDE	Jaccard index	Larvae	Nymphs
San Francisco	12.56 ± 19.1	9.39 ± 10.7	0.89	0.47	144	119
Central Coast	3.32 ± 5.5	2.56 ± 3.9	0.32	0.38	101	101
Los Angeles	0.32 ± 0.9	1.25 ± 1.7	0.30	0.22	104	104

^aDensity measures are presented as the mean ± standard deviations of tick abundances per region
^bOverlap metrics (kernel density estimation [KDE] and Jaccard index) assess the degree of synchrony between larval and nymphal populations, with higher values indicating more overlap or similarity
^cPeak abundance refers to the Julian date when the mean abundance was highest in each region. For reference, Julian dates 101 and 144 correspond to April 11th and May 24th, respectively

ISSN: 1756-3305