Unraveling the relationships between midge abundance and incidence, microbial communities, and soil and water properties in a protected natural tallgrass prairie

Neupane, Saraswoti; Davis, Travis; Olds, Cassandra; Nayduch, Dana; McGregor, Bethany L.

doi:10.1186/s13071-025-06780-5

Table 2 Correlations between number of Culicoides in soil samples and environmental factors (soil and water properties)

From: Unraveling the relationships between midge abundance and incidence, microbial communities, and soil and water properties in a protected natural tallgrass prairie

Soil and water properties^a	Culicoides crepuscularis	Culicoides haematopotus	Culicoides stellifer	Culicoides sonorensis	Culicoides variipennis	Culicoides venustus	Culicoides bergi	Culicoides: total abundance	Culicoides: incidence
Soil (n = 48)
pH	0.15	0.08	0.34^*	0.00	−0.06	−0.12	0.18	0.24	0.23
OM	−0.21	−0.13	−0.19	−0.18	−0.18	−0.09	−0.01	−0.43^**	−0.26
TN	−0.28	−0.21	−0.15	0.07	−0.05	−0.09	−0.05	−0.30	−0.16
TC	−0.15	−0.33	0.43^**	0.06	−0.25	0.14	0.13	−0.09	−0.07
P	−0.14	0.07	−0.36^*	−0.13	−0.07	−0.28	−0.29	−0.34^*	−0.24
Cl	−0.22	−0.30	0.22	0.23	−0.02	0.32	0.11	0.05	0.06
K	−0.04	0.08	−0.38^*	−0.08	0.04	−0.28	−0.17	−0.24	−0.17
Ca	−0.09	0.07	−0.37^*	−0.15	0.02	−0.15	−0.13	−0.28	−0.12
Mg	0.33	0.32	−0.36^*	0.14	0.53^***	−0.06	0.05	0.39^*	0.24
Na	0.37^*	0.33	−0.08	0.13	0.45^**	0.18	0.11	0.51^***	0.34^*
Cu	0.31	0.38^*	−0.36^*	0.12	0.52^***	−0.01	0.02	0.43^**	0.28
Zn	−0.03	0.00	−0.12	0.10	0.01	−0.15	0.15	−0.17	−0.12
Fe	0.39^*	0.21	−0.02	0.26	0.41^**	0.25	0.21	0.58^***	0.37^*
Mn	0.43^**	0.16	−0.06	0.15	0.24	0.20	0.03	0.34^*	0.19
EC	−0.08	−0.25	0.45^**	0.21	−0.18	0.23	0.16	0.06	0.05
Sand	−0.30	−0.26	0.13	−0.33	−0.52^***	−0.03	−0.31	−0.49^**	−0.30
Silt	0.16	0.06	−0.05	0.35^*	0.29	−0.02	0.36^*	0.26	0.14
Clay	0.29	0.36^*	−0.32	0.15	0.51^***	−0.05	0.06	0.38^*	0.23
Water (n = 35)
TN	0.08	0.17	−0.40^**	−0.10	0.01	−0.04	−0.32	−0.11	−0.29
TP	−0.12	0.04	−0.02	−0.08	−0.27	0.01	−0.24	−0.20	−0.19
Cl	0.14	0.33	−0.42^**	−0.05	0.30	−0.26	−0.15	0.21	−0.13
TSS	−0.08	−0.02	0.05	0.04	−0.23	−0.20	−0.40^**	−0.06	−0.13
TDS	0.20	0.15	−0.14	0.28	0.45^**	−0.10	0.35	0.42^**	0.27
EC	0.19	0.14	−0.10	0.28	0.45^**	−0.04	0.35	0.43^**	0.30
pH	0.00	0.03	0.33	0.01	−0.50^***	0.13	0.23	−0.15	−0.16

Spearman’s correlation coefficients are shown
^aSoil organic matter (OM), total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), chloride (Cl), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), soil texture (sand, silt, and clay), and water phosphorus (P), water nitrogen (TN), water chloride (Cl), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), water electrical conductivity (EC), and water pH (pH)
^*Weak correlation: coefficient ≥ 0.3 or ≤ −0.3 and P ≤ 0.01
^**Moderate correlation: coefficient ≥ 0.4 or ≤ −0.4 and P ≤ 0.01
^***Strong correlation: coefficient ≥ 0.5 or ≤ −0.5 and P ≤ 0.01

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ISSN: 1756-3305

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