Fig. 5

Changes in micro-environmental factors of the snail-breeding bottomland during the periods of 1997–2002, 2003–2012, and 2013–2022, including NDVI (A), NL (B), Tmin (C), Tmax (D), GST (E), Pre (F), and SSH (G). NDVI, normalized difference vegetation index; NL, night light index; Tmin, average minimum temperature in January; Tmax, average maximum temperature in July; GST, ground surface temperature; Pre, precipitation; SSH, sunshine hours