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Table 1 The ASIR of VL in the years 1990 and 2021 and change trend of ASIR were analyzed across GBD regions

From: Global, regional, and national burden of visceral leishmaniasis, 1990–2021: findings from the global burden of disease study 2021

Location

ASIR (per 100,000 population, 95% UI)

1990

ASIR (per 100,000 population, 95% UI)

2021

Percentage change (95% UI)

1990–2021

AAPC (95% CI)

1990–2021

Global

7.92 (6.05, 10.07)

0.42 (0.34, 0.53)

−94.75 (−96.08, −92.36)

−0.25 (−0.25, −0.24)

East Asia

0.43 (0.31, 0.60)

0.07 (0.06, 0.10)

−82.55 (−88.60, −73.10)

−0.01 (−0.01, −0.00)

Southeast Asia

0.01 (0.00, 0.01)

0.00 (0.00, 0.00)

−85.10 (−93.44, −62.76)

−0.01 (−0.01, −0.00)

Central Asia

0.27 (0.19, 0.40)

0.41 (0.30, 0.60)

53.44 (−6.37, 150.48)

0.01 (0.00, 0.01)

Central Europe

1.47 (0.82, 2.98)

0.08 (0.06, 0.12)

−94.53 (−97.50, −88.63)

−0.05 (−0.05, −0.04)

Western Europe

0.24 (0.18, 0.30)

0.08 (0.05, 0.12)

−66.32 (−79.35, −47.15)

−0.01 (−0.01, −0.00)

Southern Latin America

0.08 (0.03, 0.14)

0.02 (0.01, 0.03)

−75.09 (−90.31, −36.85)

−0.01 (−0.01, −0.00)

Caribbean

0.03 (0.00, 0.08)

0.00 (0.00, 0.01)

−91.63 (−98.75, −46.43)

−0.01 (−0.01, −0.00)

Andean Latin America

0.85 (0.15, 2.84)

0.05 (0.01, 0.15)

−94.58 (−99.31, −60.84)

−0.03 (−0.03, −0.02)

Central Latin America

0.18 (0.12, 0.27)

0.05 (0.04, 0.07)

−72.27 (−83.32, −56.12)

−0.01 (−0.01, −0.00)

Tropical Latin America

3.03 (2.28, 3.93)

2.55 (1.49, 4.07)

−16.06 (−52.91, 42.88)

−0.02 (−0.02, −0.01)

North Africa and the Middle East

9.82 (6.66, 14.30)

0.71 (0.44, 1.11)

−92.80 (−96.11, −86.97)

−0.30 (−0.31, −0.29)

South Asia

19.36 (13.11, 27.24)

0.38 (0.21, 0.64)

−98.01 (−98.97, −96.13)

−0.63 (−0.65, −0.61)

Central Sub-Saharan Africa

33.03 (11.18, 82.91)

1.96 (0.61, 4.95)

−94.07 (−98.66, −75.76)

−0.98 (−1.00, −0.96)

Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa

50.22 (30.32, 78.53)

1.41 (1.08, 1.85)

−97.19 (−98.33, −94.95)

−1.56 (−1.59, −1.53)

Western Sub-Saharan Africa

0.05 (0.03, 0.08)

0.17 (0.07, 0.39)

264.97 (29.99, 948.47)

0.01 (0.00, 0.01)

High SDI

0.07 (0.04, 0.12)

0.01 (0.00, 0.01)

−92.14 (−96.24, −82.78)

−0.01 (−0.01, −0.00)

High-middle SDI

0.57 (0.40, 0.81)

0.05 (0.04, 0.07)

−90.78 (−93.78, −85.80)

−0.02 (−0.02, −0.01)

Middle SDI

1.04 (0.87, 1.24)

0.15 (0.12, 0.19)

−85.99 (−89.43, −81.13)

−0.03 (−0.03, −0.02)

Low-middle SDI

7.04 (5.04, 9.82)

0.54 (0.40, 0.70)

−92.34 (−95.07, −87.98)

−0.20 (−0.21, −0.19)

Low SDI

52.00 (37.84, 68.97)

1.17 (0.84, 1.68)

−97.76 (−98.57, −96.42)

−1.63 (−1.70, −1.55)

  1. The value “0.00” does not represent an absolute zero; rather, the actual value contains nonzero digits beyond the second decimal place, but owing to rounding (following the round half-up rule), it appears as “0.00” when displayed with two decimal places. In the GBD 2021 database, 204 countries and territories are categorized into 21 geographical regions. However, no data on the ASIR of VL were available for Oceania, Eastern Europe, high-income North America, high-income Asia Pacific, Australasia, or Southern Sub-Saharan Africa; AAPC average annual percent change, ASIR age-standardized incidence rate, CI confidence interval, GBD Global Burden of Disease, SDI sociodemographic index, UI uncertainty interval, VL visceral leishmaniasis
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