Fig. 1

Sample locations and island sections used in this study. Coloured dots represent sample locations for all mosquito specimens from which sequences were obtained for the six studied species. Colour of each dot represents the applied sampling method (see Additional File 1: Supplementary Table 1 for sample sizes per sampling method). ‘Adult else’ encompasses adult mosquitoes collected by human landing catches or by netting. ‘Dipping’ includes both sampled larvae and pupae (the latter were sampled for DNA lab work as adults). Sample locations in close proximity are presented in concentric circles. Depicted sections are the equally sized island sections which were created for mosquito subsampling in this study. Dashed lines indicate that the distance between islands is not to scale. Inset in top right corner shows location of the islands within the Caribbean, ~30–80 km off the coast of Venezuela. Basemap source: ESRI (Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc., Redlands, California)